Compared with the mechanical continuous conveying device, the pneumatic conveying system is characterized by: the materials are completely enclosed during the conveying process, less affected by the climate and environment, good working conditions for workers, materials are not affected by moisture, dirt or impurities, high conveying efficiency, simple equipment structure, convenient maintenance and management, easy to realize automation and environmental protection.

南京翔瑞粉体工程有限公司的技术骨干，有着四十多年气力输送方面的经验，为石油、化工、医药、多晶硅、冶金等多个行业提供气力输送一站式服务。据翔瑞王工建议：气力输送又称气流输送或风送装置，尤其是用于工厂车间内部输送时，可以将输送过程和生产工艺相结合，这样子有助于简化工艺过程的设备。今天王工给大家简单的介绍一下气力输送系统中的主要设备。

The technical backbone of Nanjing Xiangrui Powder Engineering Co., Ltd., with more than 40 years of experience in pneumatic conveying, provides one-stop pneumatic conveying services for petroleum, chemical, pharmaceutical, polysilicon, metallurgy and other industries. According to the suggestion of Xiangrui Wanggong, pneumatic conveying is also called air conveying or air conveying device, especially when it is used for internal conveying in the factory workshop, the conveying process and production process can be combined, which will help to simplify the equipment of the process. Today, Wanggong gives you a brief introduction to the main equipment in the pneumatic conveying system.

（一）、接料器和供料器

（1） , feeder and feeder

接料器和供料器是使物料与空气混合并送入输料管的一种设备，是风送装置的咽喉。供料器的结构是否合理，直接影响整个风送装置的输送能力、工作的稳定性和能耗的高低。所以，如何根据装置的不同工作条件，正确地设计和选用合理的供料器，是提高风送工作效果的重要环节。

The feeder and feeder is a kind of equipment that mixes materials with air and sends them to the conveying pipe. It is the throat of the air conveying device. Whether the structure of the feeder is reasonable directly affects the conveying capacity, working stability and energy consumption of the whole air conveying device. Therefore, how to correctly design and select a reasonable feeder according to the different working conditions of the device is an important link to improve the working effect of air supply.

对供料器结构的要求是：

The requirements for feeder structure are:

一，物料和空气在供料器中应能充分混合，即要使空气从物料的下方引入，又能使物料均匀地散落在气流中，并被气流带走，这样才能有效地发挥气流的悬浮或推动作用，防止堵料、积料。

1、 The materials and air shall be fully mixed in the feeder, that is, the air shall be introduced from below the materials, and the materials shall be evenly scattered in the air flow and taken away by the air flow, so as to effectively play the role of suspension or promotion of the air flow and prevent blocking and accumulation of materials.

二，供料器的结构要使空气能平稳地进入，不致产生过分的扰动和涡流，以减少空气流动的阻力损失。

2、 The structure of the feeder shall enable the air to enter smoothly without excessive disturbance and vortex, so as to reduce the resistance loss of air flow.

三，要使进入气流的物料尽可能与气流的流动方向相一致，避免逆向进料。在某些情况下，要使物料减速，或利用其冲力使其转向，这样，可以降低气流推动物料的能量消耗。

3、 The materials entering the air flow shall be consistent with the flow direction of the air flow as far as possible, and reverse feeding shall be avoided. In some cases, it is necessary to decelerate the material or use its impulse to make it turn. In this way, the energy consumption of the material driven by the air flow can be reduced.

（二）、输料管及弯头

（2） , feeding pipe and elbow

输料管是用来输送物料和空气混合物的管道，它通常连接在供料器和卸料器之间。输料管采用圆形截面，可使气流在整个截面上容易均匀分布，同时，其阻力亦比其他形状的管子小，相对而言制造、安装也较方便。

The conveying pipe is a pipe used to convey the mixture of materials and air. It is usually connected between the feeder and the unloader. The material conveying pipe adopts a circular section, which makes the air flow easy to be evenly distributed on the whole section. At the same time, its resistance is smaller than that of other shapes of pipes, and it is relatively convenient for manufacturing and installation.

输料管一般由若干段连接而成。为减少阻力损失，通常要求输料管道内部光滑，无台阶。因此，各个管道连接处的连接工艺尤为重要。为便于安装，输料管可按穿过楼层的数目相应地分为若干管段，并使每个管段长度与所在楼层的高度相等。在安装时，各管段借固定在其上端的角钢法兰支持在上层的楼板上，在整个输料管校正垂直后，与楼板固定。

The feeding pipe is generally formed by connecting several sections. In order to reduce the resistance loss, it is usually required that the inside of the conveying pipeline is smooth without steps. Therefore, the connection process at each pipe connection is particularly important. In order to facilitate installation, the feeding pipe can be divided into several pipe sections according to the number of floors crossed, and the length of each pipe section shall be equal to the height of the floor. During installation, each pipe section is supported on the upper floor slab by the angle steel flange fixed on its upper end, and is fixed with the floor slab after the whole material conveying pipe is corrected to be vertical.

输料管的连接要注意严密不漏气，内部要平整光滑,要尽可能对中，防止错位。输料管的磨损，或者管道对物料的磨蚀一般认为是风运中比较突出的问题，实标上这主要产生于水平或倾斜管道，以及弯头和变形管等部分。垂直的输料管，磨损相对较小。

The connection of the feeding pipe shall be tight without air leakage, and the interior shall be flat and smooth. It shall be centered as far as possible to prevent dislocation. The abrasion of the conveying pipe or the abrasion of the pipe to the material is generally considered to be a prominent problem in air transportation. In fact, it mainly occurs in horizontal or inclined pipes, elbows and deformed pipes. The wear of the vertical feeding pipe is relatively small.

由于磨损是物料与壁面不断摩擦或碰撞引起的，所以物料的粒度越大、硬度越高、速度越快，摩擦和碰撞的能量就越大，磨损就越严重。磨损的快慢大致与输送气流速度的幂次方成正比。另外，浓度越大，摩擦或碰撞次数越多，磨损亦越严重。减少磨损的办法，是要合理设计输料管，尽量减少弯头、水平段和倾斜段；要保持输料管，不变形，连接处要对中，尽量减少管道内部的台阶和错位。必要时可在容易磨损的部位加衬耐磨材料。

As the wear is caused by the constant friction or collision between the material and the wall, the larger the particle size, the higher the hardness and the faster the speed of the material, the greater the energy of friction and collision, and the more serious the wear. The wear rate is approximately proportional to the power of the conveying air velocity. In addition, the higher the concentration, the more times of friction or collision, and the more serious the wear. The way to reduce wear is to reasonably design the feeding pipe and try to reduce elbows, horizontal sections and inclined sections; The feeding pipe shall be kept free of deformation, and the connection shall be centered to minimize the steps and dislocation inside the pipe. If necessary, wear-resistant materials can be lined at the easily worn parts.

（三）卸料器与闭风器

（3） Tripper and air shutter

1．卸料器

1. unloader

卸料器是使物料从气流中分离出来的设备。对它的要求是：

Unloader is a device that separates materials from air flow. The requirements for it are:

一，分离效率要高。这对颗粒状物料如塑料粒子、小麦、稻谷等来说，是比较容易做到的，但对粉状的物料，要完全分离就较困难。

1、 Separation efficiency should be high. This is easy for granular materials such as plastic particles, wheat and rice, but it is difficult for powdery materials to be completely separated.

二，性能要稳定。即当输送条件稍有变化时 (例如风量或浓度发生变化 )，也要具有稳定的分离能力。

2、 The performance should be stable. That is, when the conveying conditions change slightly (for example, the air volume or concentration changes), it should also have a stable separation capacity.

三，结构要简单，体积要紧凑。容易磨损的部位能拆卸更换，检查维修要方便。另外可在管道中布置透明视镜，以便观察和操作。

3、 The structure should be simple and the volume should be compact. The easily worn parts can be removed and replaced, and the inspection and maintenance shall be convenient. In addition, transparent mirrors can be arranged in the pipeline for observation and operation.

四，对于分离颗粒的卸料器，要具有“一风多用”的作用。即不仅能卸出颗粒，而且还能把其中的灰尘和轻杂质分离出来。根据用途的不同，卸料器可分为粉状物料卸料器和粒状物料卸料器。粉状物料卸料器通常采用旋风除尘器。

4、 The unloader for separating particles shall have the function of "one air for multiple purposes". That is, it can not only unload the particles, but also separate the dust and light impurities. According to different uses, the unloader can be divided into powder material unloader and granular material unloader. The powder material unloader usually adopts cyclone.

2.闭风器

2. air shutter

闭风器又名星型卸料器、卸灰阀、关风机、旋转给料器、旋转阀,通常闭风器的结构是由带有数片叶片的转子叶轮,壳体,密封件及减速器,电动机等组成.进出口法兰的为方型或圆型.闭风器一般都安装在除尘器灰料下部，为保证连接处的严密不漏风，上部应经常保持（储存）一定高度的物料。

The air shutter is also known as star unloader, ash discharge valve, air shutter, rotary feeder and rotary valve. Generally, the structure of the air shutter is composed of rotor impeller with several blades, shell, seals, reducer, motor, etc The inlet and outlet flanges are square or round The air shutter is generally installed at the lower part of the dust collector. In order to ensure the tightness of the connection without air leakage, the upper part should always maintain (store) a certain height of materials.

星型卸料器(亦称刚性轮给料机，星型下料器，关风器，旋转给料机、旋转阀等)被广泛应用于化工、医药、粮食、建材，冶金，电力等行业，作为各类除尘设备的料斗卸料装置，它依靠物料的重力作用及给料机工作机构的强制作用，将仓内的物料卸出并连续均匀地喂入下一装置中去。也可作为各种磨机，烘干机，料仓等设备的给卸料装置，适用于干燥粉状和小颗状物料。

Star unloader (also known as rigid wheel feeder, star unloader, air shutter, rotary feeder, rotary valve, etc.) is widely used in chemical industry, medicine, grain, building materials, metallurgy, electric power and other industries. As a hopper unloading device of various dust removal equipment, it unloads the materials in the bin and feeds them to the next device continuously and evenly depending on the gravity of the materials and the forced action of the feeder working mechanism. It can also be used as a feeding and unloading device for various mills, dryers, silos and other equipment, and is suitable for drying powdery and small particle materials.

气力输送设备将物料加到具有一定速度的空气气流中，构成悬浮的混合物，通过管道输送到目的地，然后将物料从气流中分离出来卸出。气力输送设备主要用于输送粉状、粒状及块度不大干20-30mm的小块物料，有时也输送成件物品。对于不同物料，选择不同的风速，既要保证物料在管道内能向前运行，不堵塞管道，又要尽可能多地输送物料，做到既经济又合理。

Pneumatic conveying equipment will add materials to the air flow with a certain speed to form a suspended mixture, which will be transported to the destination through the pipeline, and then the materials will be separated from the air flow and unloaded. Pneumatic conveying equipment is mainly used to convey powdery, granular and small pieces of materials with a dry size of 20-30mm, and sometimes into pieces. For different materials, different wind speeds shall be selected to ensure that the materials can move forward in the pipeline without blocking the pipeline, and to transport as many materials as possible, so as to be economical and reasonable.